The Soviet Union was the first nation to allow women pilots to fly combat missions. During World War II the Red Air Force formed three all-female units — grouped into separate fighter, dive bomber, and night bomber regiments — while also recruiting other women to fly with mostly male units. Their amazing story, fully recounted for the first time by Reina Pennington, honors a group of fearless and determined women whose exploits have not yet received the recognition they deserve.

Pennington chronicles the creation, organization, and leadership of these regiments, as well as the experiences of the pilots, navigators, bomb loaders, mechanics, and others who made up their ranks, all within the context of the Soviet air war on the Eastern Front. These regiments flew a combined total of more than 30,000 combat sorties, produced at least thirty Heroes of the Soviet Union, and included at least two fighter aces.

Among their ranks were women like Marina Raskova, the "Soviet Amelia Earhart," a renowned aviator who persuaded Stalin in 1941 to establish the all-women regiments; the daredevil "night witches" who flew ramshackle biplanes on nocturnal bombing missions over German frontlines; and fighter aces like Liliia Litviak, whose twelve "kills" are largely unknown in the West. Here, too, is the story of Aleksandr Gridnev, a fighter pilot twice arrested by the Soviet secret police before he was chosen to command the women's fighter regiment.

Pennington draws upon personal interviews and the Soviet archives to detail the recruitment, training, and combat lives of these women. Deftly mixing anecdote with analysis, her work should find a wide readership among scholars and buffs interested in the history of aviation, World War II, or the Russian military, as well as anyone concerned with the contentious debates surrounding military and combat service for women.

“A vivid and often moving saga of women in combat. Both harrowing and inspiring, it should become a classic of World War II aviation history.”
— World War II History

“Extraordinary and often deeply moving.”
— Times Literary Supplement

“Pennington’s chilling tale of savage combat and incredible bravery and of the struggle of these pilots for recognition and acceptance will forever bury the myth that women cannot fight. A masterful and groundbreaking account of courageous women warriors.”
— Carlo D’Este, author of Patton: A Genius for War

"Pennington conveys wholly fresh, vivid, often unique and revealing insights drawn from a formidable and fascinating array of evidence. Much of her book is deeply moving. It is impossible not to be stirred, even appalled, by the fate of some of these women."
— John Erickson, author of The Road to Stalingrad

"Pennington's meticulous research, dogged investigative skills, and clear writing make this book an instant classic in its field and a virtual model for future authors who write on the subject of women in war."
— David M. Glantz, coauthor of The Battle of Kursk

"A fine, detailed study of the conflict between combat roles and gender roles. Must reading for all serious students of women's military history."
— Linda Grant De Pauw, author of Battle Cries and Lullabies

Reina Pennington, a former intelligence officer with the Air Force and Defense Intelligence Agency, is director of Peace, War and Diplomacy Studies at Norwich University in Vermont. She is editor of Military Women Worldwide: A Biographical Dictionary and author of numerous articles in Air & Space/Smithsonian, Air Force Magazine, Airpower Journal, and Journal of Slavic Military Studies.